镜像准备

系统使用一个centos7.9的基础镜像

基础环境

# 查看centos7.9系统，具体可以使用的版本号
[root@docker ~]# curl -s https://hub.docker.com/v2/repositories/library/centos/tags/ | jq -r '.results[].name' | grep "7.9"
centos7.9.2009
7.9.2009

拉取镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker pull centos:7.9.2009
7.9.2009: Pulling from library/centos
2d473b07cdd5: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:9d4bcbbb213dfd745b58be38b13b996ebb5ac315fe75711bd618426a630e0987
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7.9.2009
docker.io/library/centos:7.9.2009

# 查看centos相关的镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker images centos*
REPOSITORY   TAG        IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
centos       7.9.2009   eeb6ee3f44bd   2 years ago   204MB

基础包准备

# 进入容器
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it centos:7.9.2009 /bin/bash
[root@0220f7a961f7 /]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

# 更新yum源，epel源
[root@0220f7a961f7 /]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
[root@b46417512e5e /]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  2523  100  2523    0     0   6362      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  6355
[root@b46417512e5e /]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   664  100   664    0     0   2282      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  2281
[root@b46417512e5e /]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo  epel.repo

# 安装基础包
[root@b46417512e5e /]# yum install vim net-tools nginx -y

注意⚠️

基础镜像没有wget命令，这是使用了curl命令，而不是使用yum安装wget。yum安装完必备的软件包也没有使用yum makecache生成缓存，而且最后还要清空缓存。原因？

这是为了镜像的精简化，尽可能缩小docker镜像的体积。

启动Nginx进程

# 启动Nginx并查看进程
[root@58dd740e4b7d /]# nginx
[root@58dd740e4b7d /]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root        119      1  0 09:06 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx       120    119  0 09:06 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root        122      1  0 09:06 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

# 修改index.html文件，写点内容
[root@58dd740e4b7d ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html
[root@58dd740e4b7d html]# rm -rf ./*
[root@58dd740e4b7d html]# echo "docker nginx success" > index.html

# 宿主机访问测试
[root@docker ~]# curl -I 172.17.0.2
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.20.1
Date: Fri, 07 Jun 2024 09:10:28 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 21
Last-Modified: Fri, 07 Jun 2024 09:08:57 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "6662ce29-15"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@docker ~]# curl 172.17.0.2
docker nginx success

推送镜像

登陆DockerHub

[root@docker ~]# docker login
Log in with your Docker ID or email address to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com/ to create one.
You can log in with your password or a Personal Access Token (PAT). Using a limited-scope PAT grants better security and is required for organizations using SSO. Learn more at https://docs.docker.com/go/access-tokens/

Username: liangbizhi
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded

推送

# 提交容器记录
# commit命令：从容器创建一个新的镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker commit 58dd740e4b7d liangbizhi/240607-nettools-vim-nginx-centos7
sha256:a7580a07dab4e1958734dcba7feb212ae6ecc39174dd1691234b459cdc67f036

# 查看镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker images liangbizhi/*
REPOSITORY                                     TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE
liangbizhi/240607-nettools-vim-nginx-centos7   latest    a7580a07dab4   About a minute ago   587MB

# 推送镜像至DockerHub
[root@docker ~]# docker push liangbizhi/240607-nettools-vim-nginx-centos7

使用自定义镜像运行Nginx容器

[root@docker ~]# docker run -d -p 80:80 liangbizhi/240607-nettools-vim-nginx-centos7 nginx -g "daemon off;"

本地导出导入镜像

还有这样一种本地导出镜像的方式，可以将自定义的镜像导出为tar，然后发送至任意一台机器上，加载启动该镜像。

# 源机器导出镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker save liangbizhi/240607-nettools-vim-nginx-centos7 > /opt/240607-nettools-vim-nginx-centos7.tar
[root@docker ~]# ls /opt/240607-nettools-vim-nginx-centos7.tar
/opt/240607-nettools-vim-nginx-centos7.tar

# 发送到目标机器的opt目录下
[root@docker ~]# scp /opt/240607-nettools-vim-nginx-centos7.tar root@目标机器IP:/opt/

# 目标机器加载该镜像
docker load < /opt/240607-nettools-vim-nginx-centos7.tar